Chiari Malformation
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Chiari Malformation Care at CHRISTUS Health
Chiari malformation is a structural defect in the brain, where the lower part of the brain, known as the cerebellum, extends into the spinal canal.
This condition occurs when the skull is abnormally small or misshapen, pressing the brain downwards and causing the cerebellum to push into the space where the spinal cord begins.
Chiari malformations can disrupt the normal flow of cerebrospinal fluid, leading to various neurological symptoms.
There are different types of Chiari malformations, with Type I being the most common and often diagnosed in adulthood, while more severe types (II, III, and IV) are typically found in infancy or early childhood.
Causes of Chiari Malformation
The exact cause of Chiari malformation isn’t always clear, but it is often a congenital condition, meaning it’s present from birth due to abnormal development of the skull and brain. In some cases, Chiari malformation may develop later in life due to:
- Spinal injuries or infections
- Excessive loss of cerebrospinal fluid (due to injury or other conditions)
- Genetic factors or hereditary conditions, as some people are born with a predisposition to skull abnormalities
Symptoms of Chiari Malformation
Symptoms of Chiari malformation vary depending on the type and severity of the condition. Some people with mild Chiari malformation (particularly Type I) may have no symptoms, while others can experience significant neurological issues. Common symptoms include:
- Headaches, often aggravated by coughing, sneezing, or straining
- Neck pain
- Difficulty with balance and coordination
- Dizziness or vertigo
- Muscle weakness, especially in the hands or arms
- Numbness or tingling in the limbs
- Vision problems, including double vision or blurred vision
- Difficulty swallowing or speaking
- Sleep apnea or other breathing problems
Severe forms of Chiari malformation may also lead to paralysis, severe neurological deficits, and developmental issues.
Treatments for Chiari Malformation
Treatment for Chiari malformation depends on the severity of the symptoms and the type of malformation. In many cases, if the patient is asymptomatic or has mild symptoms, monitoring the condition with regular imaging and check-ups may be all that is necessary.
For those with significant symptoms or progressive neurological decline, treatment options include:
- Medication: Pain management, such as over-the-counter pain relievers, may help alleviate headaches and other symptoms, though medication doesn’t address the underlying cause.
- Surgery: Surgery is the most common treatment for symptomatic Chiari malformation. The goal of surgery is to relieve the pressure on the brain and spinal cord and restore normal cerebrospinal fluid flow.
- Therapies: Physical therapy may help with balance issues and muscle weakness. In addition, speech therapy can assist with swallowing or speech problems if they occur.
Wondering Where Your Back Pain is Coming From?
Knowing if the pain is muscular or spinal will help your doctor identify the issue so the best treatment can be provided.